[Abstract]: The teaching methods under the new curriculum standards should be adjusted in a timely manner, fully considering the needs of students' learning and growth. In composition teaching, it is necessary to aim to improve students' writing ability and recognize the many problems that exist in teaching, and make improvements and enhancements. Based on this, this article focuses on the teaching of Chinese composition in the upper grades of primary schools under the new curriculum standards, analyzes the problems in teaching, combines the needs of the real situation, guides students to cooperate in learning, and uses the method of peer evaluation to provide important support and assistance for the progress and improvement of students' writing abilities.

[Keywords]: Collaborative exploration, peer evaluation, motivational principle

1、 Change one-way correction to interactive evaluation

In Chinese language teaching, composition is considered the most difficult bone for children to tackle. In composition teaching, it is useless for teachers to say too much. The key is for teachers to focus on explaining the key content clearly during composition teaching. The most important thing is to let children practice and revise on the spot, constantly improving. As the saying goes, "Those who are in the right place are confused, while those who are bystanders are clear." Students can evaluate and improve each other, gather wisdom, master the ability to revise essays, and enhance their ability to revise essays. At the same time, due to the relatively similar overall writing level of students, evaluators and authors are more likely to understand and accept each other's suggestions, and will learn from the strengths of others' compositions and recognize the shortcomings of their own compositions. Mr. Ye Shengtao once said, "The importance of composition teaching lies in cultivating students' ability to self correct." Only by cultivating the habit of cooperative exploration and peer evaluation can we learn the true essence of writing.

The 2022 version of the Chinese Language Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education states that "the revision goals for the higher grades include revising one's own writing, actively exchanging and revising with others, achieving fluent sentences, correct writing, standardized and neat writing." Writing, as a way of using language and writing for written expression, is an important way to cultivate students' individual language experience and a crucial means to develop their core Chinese literacy. As a part of post writing guidance, the evaluation and revision of assignments cannot be ignored and is a very important process. The fact shows that if the evaluation and revision of compositions are done well, the effectiveness of composition teaching often increases with half the effort. The evaluation and revision of writing assignments is crucial for further enhancing students' writing abilities, and it is also an important way to implement core Chinese language literacy such as language use.

2、 Guidance on "Collaborative Exploration, Student Evaluation"

The significance of "collaborative exploration, peer evaluation" essay review and revision

Collaborative exploration and peer evaluation "completely changes the traditional teaching mode and carries out a new reform of composition criticism. The key is to fully play the role of students as the main body, allowing them to learn independently and collaboratively, and make corrections through mutual evaluation and discussion. Truly achieve: autonomy, cooperation, and exploration.

In daily life, most students do not have the habit of revising their compositions. Some students directly write on and off their compositions, which is not perfect and the quality is difficult to guarantee. Encouraging students to collaborate in exploration and peer evaluation is the most effective way to fully embody the new curriculum standards of "autonomy, cooperation, and exploration".

The value of "collaborative exploration, peer evaluation"

Essentially, the essay grading of "collaborative exploration and peer evaluation" has the following values: firstly, it is based on cultivating interest and inducing initiative. The teaching process requires active participation and internalization by learners themselves. The essential attribute of teaching determines the subject status of students. Centered around activities, promote the evaluation and revision of essays, and provide effective space for teachers to exercise students' ability to correct essays effectively. The essay grading method of "collaborative exploration and peer evaluation" fundamentally aims to pay attention to students, promote their writing ability development, and ultimately encourage them to develop the ability of "self correction". The most important thing is to cultivate students' emotions and infuse them with educational value. The essay grading method of "collaborative exploration, peer evaluation" focuses on cultivating students' emotions and infusing education into the process of cultivating students' emotions, which avoids the pure scientificity of essay grading and increases the humanistic education power of essay grading.

In practical operation, "student activities" are used as a means to promote students' active development. In classroom teaching, practical activities are the main way to promote students' quality development. Student evaluation of essays is a specific operation of emotional teaching. What is the best way to do it? We must consistently adhere to the teaching principle of the "Eight Characters" in the new curriculum standards, with "context" as the core, allowing students to perceive and experience. Teachers always play a leading role in the evaluation process, while students collaborate to explore and evaluate each other, truly learning how to evaluate essays.

3. Practical operation of "collaborative exploration, peer evaluation"

(1) Organizational evaluation group

The team leader should first provide training and guidance, so that they understand that the team leader's task is to organize team members to read articles, evaluate compositions, read articles aloud, integrate evaluations, and write comments.

(2) Clear evaluation objectives

The improvement of writing ability is a gradual process, and the goals of composition evaluation should be different at different stages. When setting evaluation and reform goals, it is necessary to first analyze the textbooks, determine the guiding focus of each unit in the upper primary school textbooks, redistribute the weight of themes, structures, language, materials, and writing according to the training focus of each unit's composition, and determine clear evaluation goals. Guided by the evaluation objectives, I successfully broke free from the comprehensive evaluation misconception of "grasping the eyebrows and beard at once", and successfully completed this writing teaching in a way that more respects the cognitive characteristics and writing ability development characteristics of students. There must always be a standard for evaluating the quality of a composition. Based on the refinement of the teaching objectives of the composition, teachers should also provide students with more specific and feasible evaluation criteria that can be measured, so that students can effectively and orderly evaluate it. Therefore, before correcting an essay, teachers should work with students to design evaluation criteria for this essay. In order to facilitate students' understanding and mastery of evaluation criteria, a commonly used method by teachers is to design a "composition star rating evaluation form". According to the evaluation form, identify shortcomings and achieve mutual evaluation between students.

(3) According to the standards, carefully evaluate and revise

Students have a general standard in their minds, and the next step is to evaluate and revise their essays. When correcting essays, students with poor writing skills are responsible for the first review, picking out wrong words, checking whether sentences are smooth, and whether paragraphs are standardized. Students with higher levels of writing skills will become the 'second examiners', scrutinizing and polishing the selection, focus, and details of their compositions to make them more perfect. Finally, based on the opinions of the team members, write objective comments and give a score. During the evaluation process, teachers should educate students to be truthful, objective, and responsible to their classmates. Of course, the comments should be gentle and focused on encouragement, and the grading should be appropriately relaxed to stimulate students' interest in writing. This method of correcting deficiencies through collaboration is beneficial for students to learn from each other's strengths and make progress together.

On the basis of evaluation and revision, student discussions can also be conducted. Firstly, after the discussion and evaluation of each group, representative articles are selected and student representatives are selected to read aloud on the podium. If the class is held in a multimedia classroom, student works can also be projected to allow students to clearly see the articles, and then students can collectively discuss and evaluate the articles. Secondly, it is necessary to have the author and reviewer face to face, as well as teachers and students, analyze and discuss together, and fully express their respective opinions. Teachers should affirm students' works more and deny them less; Encourage more and criticize less. Be good at summarizing and guiding. Finally, teachers should provide comments and summaries on students' speeches, vigorously praise and promote good compositions, and fully stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning and writing. As the saying goes, "a single spark can start a prairie fire." After class, it is important to collect good compositions or fragments, bind them into books, post them on the wall, make them into handwritten newspapers, or submit them to relevant publications for widespread circulation among classmates. This will enhance students' confidence and enthusiasm in writing, and together improve their writing skills.

In short, in teaching practice, I have found that students are very interested in "mutual evaluation and revision", which is conducive to comprehensively stimulating students' interest in composition. This kind of writing guidance and evaluation method can not only improve students' writing skills, but also enhance their comprehensive Chinese literacy.

3、 Highlight the principle of motivation

1. Competition evaluation, you chase after each other

Most students have the initiative to strive for excellence, and teachers can use this psychology to conduct relevant essay competitions and evaluations, allowing students to enjoy the joy of success, enhance their interest in writing, and form a virtuous cycle. Students have come into contact with many famous writers in the study of Chinese texts, whose writing style is beautiful and distinctive, leaving a deep impression on them. Based on this, the author utilizes the motivational effect of writers to award three awards, namely the "Lu Xun Award," "Bing Xin Award," and "Progress Award," after each student completes their writing, in order to stimulate their creative desire.

2. Highlight the motivational nature of the comments

As soon as the essay is published, students first look at the score and comments. Due to the nature of children, every child desires recognition and praise from others. They long for their compositions to receive recognition from teachers. It can be said that teacher's appreciation is one of the important factors that stimulate students' interest in writing. In a student questionnaire survey, when asked what kind of comments they would like to receive, students stated that in addition to being targeted and able to point out specific issues with their work, they also hope to receive some encouraging comments. Therefore, for primary school students, it is necessary to stimulate their desire to write and publish good essays, enhance their confidence in writing, and maintain their enthusiasm for writing by highlighting the motivational nature of comments. Good comments can make students feel like they are in the spring breeze, full of interest, and inspire them to carefully read and revise their compositions. Negative comments can make students feel disappointed and depressed, leading to their essays being put aside in the end. Therefore, when teachers write comments, they should not only raise questions and correct suggestions, but also adhere to the principle of motivation and give greater recognition to the strengths of students' compositions. As long as there are good parts in students' compositions, teachers should not hesitate to praise them, give students full affirmation, and enhance their confidence in writing.

4、 The guidance of excellent composition

Be good at utilizing articles written by students with high writing skills in the class. In the past, only this one child received education by modifying their compositions on their own writing books. Nowadays, actively sharing excellent articles and encouraging students to communicate with each other is the key to gaining valuable insights. Students who have difficulty writing can learn from others' compositions and complete writing tasks.

For students with weak writing skills, after in-depth peer evaluation and revision, actively share with all classmates. When students who lack confidence in writing find that their compositions are gradually appreciated as excellent compositions, their confidence will be greatly boosted, and this is the most important aspect of composition teaching.