[Abstract]: Writing requires materials, which can only be obtained through careful observation in daily life. At the same time, observation should be comprehensive, meticulous, orderly, and able to grasp the characteristics. Writing about people should focus on describing their actions, language, demeanor, psychology, and other aspects; Landscape writing exercises can use a combination of dynamic and static descriptions to create vivid and lively images; When writing essays about objects, one can use techniques such as borrowing objects to express emotions to bring things to life.

[Keywords]: Observing details, describing rhetorical devices, combining movement and stillness, and integrating emotions into the story

The biggest problem I encounter in regular composition teaching is that students' compositions are not specific and vivid. Balzac once said, "Only details constitute the value of a work." It can be seen that appropriate description of details is like the flesh and blood of an article, which can make an article shine brightly, more concrete, dynamic and touching. I believe that a good article must write about people as if they were real people, scenery as if they were in a scene, and things as if they were emotions, in order to give people a genuine feeling. How can we guide students to write concrete and vivid compositions? Below, I will start with accumulating writing materials and how to vividly depict the three types of articles: writing about people, scenery, and objects. I will briefly discuss my thoughts on teaching composition in the third stage of learning.

1、 Observation is the source of writing materials

In the "Compulsory Education Chinese Language Curriculum Standards (2022 Edition)", "expression and communication" is expressed in the third stage as follows: cultivate the habit of observing things around oneself, consciously enrich one's knowledge, cherish personal unique feelings, and accumulate writing materials. This tells us that the materials needed for writing can only be obtained through careful observation in daily life. If a student is not good at observation and does not understand the concepts of "listening more," "seeing more," "hearing more," "tasting more," and "touching more," then even if their life is rich and colorful, they will have nothing to say when writing essays.

（1） Cultivate students' ability to observe comprehensively and meticulously

In regular classroom teaching, we can use multimedia to play videos, lead students to observe the content of the videos together, and assign observation task sheets to help students accumulate comprehensive and detailed observation methods.

① Use multiple senses for observation

Observation and casual observation are different. To accumulate observational materials for writing, it is not only necessary to understand the overall picture of things, but also to understand the subtle and detailed aspects of things. In the article "Guilin Landscape", the author's observation of the Li River water is meticulous, observing the characteristics of "stillness, clarity, and greenness" from three aspects: water dynamics, purity, and color, which is why the article is written so vividly and specifically. So, when observing, we should guide students to fully mobilize their five senses, to see, hear, smell, taste, and touch, and comprehensively grasp the characteristics of things. For example, playing a sunrise video in class to guide students to watch changes in sky color, sun shape and position, ground scenery color, and human or animal activities; Listen to the chirping of insects and birds, the noise of cars, and so on. At the same time, it triggers students' imagination that if they were there, they could also smell the fragrance of flowers in nature and the scent of morning rain and dew; Go and touch the cool air, warm sunshine, and so on in the present moment.

②Observe with purpose and questions in mind

Children have unlimited curiosity and a desire to explore, but they are prone to looking around without purpose and focus. In daily teaching, observation tasks can be frequently assigned to students to exercise their observation abilities. But before students observe, they must be guided to create an observation task list in advance. For example, asking students to find two different flowers from the park and observe and record them from all aspects such as the shape, color, taste, and feel of the flowers

Students who observe with purpose and questions can concentrate more and observe more carefully.

（2） Developing students' ability to observe in sequence

To observe meticulously and comprehensively, we also need to choose the correct order of observation based on the different objects being observed. Many scenery in nature has strong seasonality, with different styles in different seasons and different postures at different times. We need to guide students to observe in chronological order. When traveling, we often walk and enjoy the scenery at the same time. At this time, we need to follow the footsteps, observe one place at a time according to the order of location changes, and explain the observation points clearly, so that readers will not feel confused. When traveling, we can also stand at a fixed location and observe the surroundings, and write down the observed scenery in an orderly manner according to the direction. Only by observing in a certain order can an article be written with clear hierarchy and organization.

（3） Cultivate students' ability to observe the characteristics of things.

Observation should capture the characteristics of things. Everything has its own characteristics, different types of things have their own differences, and things of the same kind also have their own differences. We observe things, only by grasping these differences can we distinguish them and accurately express them, so that our compositions will not become ordinary and avoid being stereotyped. For example, writing about ants. Ants are characterized by diligence, friendliness, and unity. They spend their days repairing their nests, catching insects, and moving food, without any laziness. When they meet, they always warmly wave their antennae to greet each other; Write about crickets. Crickets are characterized by two plump legs, good jumping skills, two sharp teeth, and are very aggressive. We can only highlight these characteristics when we write about them by mastering them through observation. In fact, when we talk about exercising observation skills, it mainly refers to the ability to accurately grasp the essential characteristics of things when observing them.

2、 Add detailed descriptions and use rhetorical devices to make the writer feel as if they are seeing the person

Taking the example of the second unit exercise "Manga Teacher" in the first volume of the fifth grade textbook compiled by the Chinese Department.

Detail description is a delicate and specific depiction of the development of events and the characters' personalities, portraits, psychology, actions, and other subtle yet typical plot points. Detail description is very important for essay writing, and good detail description can make the composition more specific and substantial. Adding detailed descriptions while using rhetorical devices in writing human articles can make the writing more vivid and interesting.

Teaching recording clip:

Present: 'Our Teacher Hu'

Our teacher Hu is tall, with a loud voice, and his biggest characteristic is humor. His classroom atmosphere is lively, and his words are always so vivid and humorous, often causing us to burst into laughter. That joyful laughter can shake the teaching building. One afternoon, a classmate was dozing off in class. Teacher Hu had a sudden idea and asked a question: What's the difference between sleeping and being serious? "I raised my hand and answered," Sleeping is a verb, and being serious is an adjective. "Teacher Hu opened his mouth wide and humorously said," Most of the students in our class are adjectives now, but there are a few students who are verbs! "Amidst the laughter of the students, the half asleep and half awake student sat up awkwardly. Teacher Hu took advantage of the hot iron and smiled, saying, "Now some students have also changed from verbs to adjectives, very good, very good!" He gave a thumbs up in praise as he spoke.

Teacher: After reading it, can you tell me which typical example of Mr. Hu was selected by the author? What are the characteristics of Teacher Hu that you feel from it?

Teacher: In this example, how did he write down Mr. Hu's humorous characteristics in a concrete and vivid way?

Student: In order to highlight the humorous and witty characteristics of Teacher Hu, this passage includes detailed descriptions of language, actions, and demeanor, vividly highlighting the character's traits.

Teacher's summary: To highlight the outstanding characteristics of a character, we not only need to select appropriate and specific examples, but also add detailed descriptions of the character's actions, expressions, psychology, language, etc. in the examples. In this way, we can draw a cartoon for the teacher we like.

Teacher: In addition to writing detailed descriptions of characters in specific examples, the teacher found that the sentence in this section is very distinctive. What kind of expression do you think he used to express Mr. Hu's characteristics?

Student: Exaggerated

Teacher's summary: It seems that using exaggerated techniques in writing can better highlight the characteristics of characters and make the writing more vivid and interesting.

3、 Combining movement and stillness, making the scenery feel as if it were within reach

Taking the seventh unit of the fifth grade first volume of the Chinese language department's compilation as an example. In classroom teaching, we can rely on the articles within the unit as a guide to teach students how to use the combination of movement and stillness to make the scenery written more vivid and visually appealing.

Teaching recording clip:

1. Write down the dynamic changes of the scenery

Teacher: In daily life, there are many natural phenomena and landscapes that undergo dynamic changes. For example, the sky at dawn has dynamic changes in color. What else do you know?

Birth: Tides rise and fall; The size of morning mist; The sound of spring rain

Teacher: Not only do natural phenomena undergo dynamic changes, but natural landscapes also undergo dynamic changes. Has anyone ever noticed this? We will experience the dynamic changes of a static natural landscape through a video. (Play videos of static natural scenery with dynamic changes)

Teacher: What dynamic scenes left a deep impression on you?

Raw: Dandelions scattered; Lotus flowers sway in the rain; Birds flew up from the big tree

Teacher's summary: So as long as we observe carefully, we can write about the dynamic changes of the scenery from these different perspectives.

2. How can we make the writing vivid and lively?

Teacher: What inspirations did the text "Bird's Paradise" give us in terms of writing style?

Student: In this text, it is written that the banyan tree in the evening and at the beginning of the next day are quiet, but the banyan tree is very lush. Later on, with the activity of birds, the banyan tree became lively. This way of writing makes people feel very interesting and vivid, which is a combination of movement and stillness.

Teacher's summary: Originally, the text in this unit could provide us with so many good methods for completing assignments, so it also suggests that we can learn writing through reading as a carrier, or learn reading with the purpose of learning.

4、 Integrating emotions into the story, making the writing also have emotions

Taking the first unit of the fifth grade textbook, "My Beloved Thing," as an example. Using concrete things "is a specific method and path for authors to express their thoughts and emotions. The most important way to express emotions through concrete things is to describe things related to them. For example, in "Osmanthus Rain", the author recalls shaking osmanthus flowers in her childhood, expressing her strong homesickness. When teaching composition, we can work together with students to recall the memorable sentences in this unit. While recalling the descriptions, students have a more comprehensive and profound impression of the things described.

Teaching Design Fragment:

1. Present: "The Pearl Bird" (an example of love in getting along)

One day, while I was writing at my desk, it unexpectedly landed on my shoulder. The pen in my hand stopped unconsciously, afraid of scaring it away. After a while, I turned my head and saw that the little guy was actually sleeping on my shoulder, with silver gray eyelids covering his eyes and little red feet just covering the long fuzz on his chest. I gently lifted my shoulder, but it didn't wake up and slept soundly! Are you still smacking your lips? Are you dreaming?                 

2. Looking back at the fifth paragraph of "Osmanthus Rain", the author vividly describes the joyful scene of "shaking osmanthus" in childhood through language, actions, psychology, and other descriptions, giving readers a sense of immersion.

Teacher's summary: Therefore, to write down the things that are "beloved" in detail and catch the reader's attention, it is necessary to, like writers, concretely introduce the little stories that happen between people and things. To revolve around the beloved object and integrate one's love into the story, the content should be specific, every word and action should be a genuine expression of emotions, making readers feel the same after reading.

The above are some of my thoughts and practices in my daily composition teaching. As is well known, composition teaching is an important component of Chinese language teaching, which is a concentrated reflection of students' mastery of language and writing in Chinese practice, and can best reflect students' comprehensive Chinese literacy. Writing ability, as a social communication skill, is an important component of the core literacy of primary school Chinese language. For elementary school students, observing carefully in daily life, skillfully using methods in writing, and making writing vivid and interesting is a difficult "hard bone". If teachers can fully pay attention to the guidance and training of detailed descriptions in their daily writing teaching, then elementary school students' Chinese writing ability will have a qualitative leap.