Innovation and Practice of Place-Based Inquiry Physics Teaching——A Case Study of Junior High School Physics Curriculum in Indonesia

Atnawati Soekarno【Indonesia】

Abstract:

This paper addresses the problems of low student engagement and the disconnection between theory and practice in education at the junior high school level in Indonesia. It proposes a “place-based inquiry teaching” model that integrates Indonesia’s natural and cultural resources, such as earthquake disaster prevention the application of tropical materials. Through hierarchical experimental design, interdisciplinary projects, and the development of localized teaching aids, this model stimulates students’ scientific inquiry abilities. Specifically, terms of earthquake disaster prevention, by utilizing Indonesia’s geographical characteristics of frequent earthquakes, a simulated earthquake experiment is designed to let students experience and understand the principles of earthquakes and their protective firsthand. In terms of the application of tropical materials, innovative physics experiments are developed by combining local abundant natural resources, such as coconut shells and bamboo, to enable students to physics knowledge through hands-on practice. In addition, interdisciplinary projects include the integration of physics knowledge with geography, biology, and other subjects to design comprehensive topic studies, cultivating’ comprehensive analysis abilities and team spirit. Practice has shown that this method significantly enhances students’ interest and innovation in physics learning and provides a new paradigm for physics education in Southeast Asia.

Keywords: Localized teaching; Inquiry learning; Innovation of physics experiments; Interdisciplinary integration; Indonesia

Ⅰ. Introduction: The Need for Localization in Physics Teaching in Indonesia

Indonesia is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire rich in natural resources and unique geographical features (e.g., volcanoes, marine resources). However, traditional physics teaching relies heavily on textbook theory, lacking connection to local. For example:

Earthquake Knowledge Teaching: Textbooks only explain the concept of mechanical waves without designing disaster prevention practice based on Indonesia's frequent earthquake characteristics. Indonesia located in an active seismic zone, and frequent earthquake activities make disaster prevention education particularly important. Through actual case analysis and simulation drills, students can better understand the propagation mechanism of seismic waves master effective risk avoidance measures.

Insufficient Resource Utilization: Common materials such as palm fibers and coconut shells are not developed as physics teaching aids. Indonesia is rich in palm and production, and these natural materials have good physical properties and can be ingeniously applied to physics teaching. For example, using palm fibers to make simple spring scales or designing buoyancy with coconut shells can not only stimulate students' interest but also enhance their understanding of physical principles.

Cognitive Differences Among Students: There is a significant difference in physics application between urban and rural students. Urban students, who have more access to modern educational resources, are generally more skilled in physics experiment operations; while rural students may lack hands-on practice due to a lack of resources. By introducing local contexts, both urban and rural students can engage in inquiry-based learning in familiar environments, narrowing the cognitive gap.

Based this, this paper proposes to integrate local contexts into inquiry-based learning, constructing a teaching loop of "Observing Local Phenomena → Transforming Scientific Questions → Experimenting Ver → Innovative Application". This method aims to guide students to actively discover and conduct scientific inquiry through life-related examples, thereby enhancing their hands-on ability and innovation.

II. Indigenous Situated Inquiry-Based Teaching Model Framework

(a) Problem Situation Creation Starting from Phenomena

The Earthquake Wave Inquiry Project (Deep Level Hierarchical Design)

Optimization of Situation Introduction:

Integrating the real-time data of the Indonesian National Meteorological Agency (BMKG)2, dynamically presenting the displacement of the Sumatra fault over the past decade (annual average of 8-1cm), guiding students to quantitatively analyze the correlation between the rate of plate motion and the frequency of earthquakes. Through interactive charts and animations, students can intuitively perceive the dynamic changes crustal motion and use virtual reality technology to simulate the process of earthquake occurrence, enhancing students' immersive experience.

Introduction of Local Knowledge: Play a documentary on the seismic structure the traditional "Rumah Gadang" architecture of the Batak Minangkabau tribe, triggering cultural recognition of physical principles3. The film details the unique mort and tenon structure and flexible connection of "Rumah Gadang", explaining how it absorbs energy and reduces damage during earthquakes. At the same time, invite local architects give on-site lectures, introducing the integration and application of traditional architecture and modern seismic technology, and inspiring students' sense of pride in local culture and innovative thinking.

Physical Transformation Progression:

Hierarchical Problem Chain Design:

Basic Layer: Spring vibration model simulating the propagation of transverse/longitudinal waves, measuring the energy attenuation rate of media (sand vs. rock). By adjusting the stiffness of the spring and the weight of the mass block, the transmission characteristics of different waveforms in different media can be more simulated. The energy attenuation rate can be calculated by recording the change of vibration amplitude over time.

Advanced Layer: Design a multi-variable experiment - test the relationship between theural strength of bamboo (a common building material in Indonesia) and vibration frequency. Variables such as moisture content, cross-sectional shape, and length of bamboo need to be in the experiment to ensure the accuracy of the results. By changing the vibration frequency, observe the stress change of bamboo, and thus analyze its flexural strength.

Innovative: Based on the satellite map of Jakarta city, use GIS software to simulate the range of building collapse under different earthquake magnitudes (integrated geographic information technology). By using G software combined with the earthquake wave propagation model and building structure data, it is possible to predict the impact range of earthquakes of different magnitudes on buildings. This helps to develop more effective seismic and emergency plans.

Standardized Process for Experimental Operation:

Guidelines for Making Earthquake Early Warning Devices (Excerpt from Student Manual)  

1. Materials Coconut shell (sensor base), rubber band (elastic potential energy converter), Arduino board (provided by the local maker space)  

2. Data Collection: Record the between the tilt angle of the coconut shell (angle sensor reading) and the warning response time when the longitudinal wave arrives  

3. Community Verification: The device was tested in Keputih community in Surabaya, with a false alarm rate of <5%

Volcanic Geothermal Energy Conversion Project

Driving Question: How we use the thermal energy from the sulfuric vents of Mount Ijen (measured temperature 120-180℃) to generate electricity?

Interdisciplinary Matrix:

(b Low-cost experiments for indigenous materials development

Standardized system for categorizing indigenous teaching aids

Safe Operation Certification Process:

All coir-shell teaching aids must be disinfected with boiling water (SN 01-3950-1995 Food Safety Standards).

The load-bearing test for bamboo levers must meet the BSN/ISO 329 standard for the compressive strength of building materials.

(C) Interdisciplinary Project-Based Learning

1. Deepening of the "Fluid Dynamics of Traditionalinese Kites" Project

Innovation of Data Collection Tools:

Use a mobile phone wind speed sensor (Physics Toolbox Suite App) to record the monsoon data the Denpasar coast, including key parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, and temperature, to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the data;

3D scanner to the curved surface model of the "Janggan" kite, capturing every detail of the kite through high-precision scanning, to provide an accurate data basis for subsequent analysis

ANSYS software to simulate airflow trajectory, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology, to simulate the airflow under different wind speeds and angles, to analyze the and stability of the kite in actual flight, and thus optimize the design.

Scientific transformation of traditional crafts:

Student outcomes: Optimal formula for kite skeleton*Maximum load limit W_max = k·(ρ_bamboo * A^2)/L

(k=coefficient of toughness of Balinese bamboo, A cross-al area, L length)

The actual wind resistance is increased by 52% (compared to traditional methods).

2. "Sunda Strait T Power Generation"

Engineering Design Process:

Phase 1: Measure the tidal range of the Riau Islands (average 2.8 meters) - Physics (Cal of kinetic energy)

In this phase, the tidal range of the Riau Islands must be measured in detail to determine its average value of 2.8 meters. Through physical measurement and calculation, the kinetic energy generated by the tides can be estimated, thus providing reliable data support for subsequent design.

Phase 2: The protective efficacy ofangrove root systems on turbines - Biology (Ecological material science)

This phase focuses on how mangrove root systems protect turbines from marine biological erosion environmental damage. Using biological knowledge, especially ecological material science, the structure and function of mangrove root systems are analyzed to explore their potential in protecting turbines and to corresponding protection measures.

Phase 3: Impact assessment on the fishing route of fishermen - Social Science (Field Survey)

In this phase, the impact of the tidal power project on the fishing route of local fishermen is evaluated through social science methods, especially field surveys. Understanding the traditional fishing habits and routes of fishermen, analyzing the changes that may after the implementation of the project, and communicating with the fishermen to seek solutions to ensure the sustainability and social acceptability of the project.

(d) In-Depth Analysis of Control Experiment Data (Tracking in the 2023-2024 School Year)

1.Itudinal Comparison of Three Schools in Sishui City (Sample Size N=412)

Note: Effect size Cohen's d > 0.8 indicates high practical value.

2.-Rural Difference Regression Analysis (R² = 0.83)

Key Findings: Rural students' innovation plans are 23% more practical than of urban students (t = 4.32, p < 0.01), attributed to the difference in familiarity with local materials. Specifically, rural students, to their long-term living in the local environment, have a deeper understanding and application ability of locally available natural resources and materials, which enables them to be more flexible and efficient in and implementing innovative plans.

Interventions: Pairing urban and rural schools program, sharing "Mobile Lab" resources (Red溪Long University supported project). This program to promote resource sharing and experience exchange through cooperation between urban and rural schools. The "Mobile Lab" is equipped with advanced scientific experimental equipment and teaching materials and can visit participating schools, providing students with hands-on practice opportunities. This initiative not only helps to narrow the urban-rural education gap but also stimulates students' creativity and hands-on ability further enhancing their innovative capabilities.

(e) In-Depth Analysis of Typical Cases

Student A (Medan Rural): Palm Fiber Anti-Slip Systemization

Technical Parameters: The coefficient of friction of the slope was increased from 0.15 to 0.48 (ASTM D2047 standard, significantly improving the slip resistance of the surface, especially under wet conditions.

Social Benefits: The Medan Education Bureau purchased and installed the system in 27 schools that accumulated during the rainy season, effectively reducing the number of student falls and injuries due to slippery ground, with a 90% decrease in accidents, significantly improving campus safety and the quality the learning environment for students. In addition, the environmental benefits of the system have also been widely recognized, contributing to the promotion and development of green technology in rural areas.

Student (Jakarta): High-Speed Rail Track Thermal Expansion and Contraction Alert Device

Principle: Embedded temperature sensor   expansion coefficient algorithm (β = αL₀·ΔT, α is the correction coefficient for the rail). The embedded temperature sensor monitors the temperature change of the track in real-time, ensuring the stability of track under different temperature conditions through precise calculation of the expansion coefficient. β represents the expansion amount of the track, α is the correction coefficient adjusted according to the material of the rail environmental conditions, L₀ is the initial length, and ΔT is the temperature change.

Policy Impact: The plan was submitted to the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation and was warm recognized by relevant personnel and experts.

(f) Radar Chart Analysis of Implementation Obstacles (Based on Teacher Interviews N = 45)

   Difficulty Accessing Resources ■■■■■□□ (5.2/7)  

   Curriculum Standard Adaptation ■■■■□□□ (4.1/7)  

   Community Collaboration Resistance ■■■□□□□ (3.7/7)  

   Teacher Training Gaps ■■■■■□ (6.0/7)  → Key Areas for Improvement [13]

Suggestions: Establish a "Local Physics Teaching Aids Center" within the Indonesian Teachers' Association (PGRI), training 300 teachers annually.

Ⅲ. Teaching Innovation Points and Promotion Value

1. Balancing Localization and Globalization

Textbook Case Replacement: "Ski Friction" case is replaced with "Volcanic Rock Ramp Braking," which not only resonates with students' real-life experiences but also stim their interest in geology and physics. By studying the properties of volcanic rock and its coefficient of friction in different environments, students can gain a deeper understanding of materials science and engineering applications

Introduction of Indonesian Scientists' Achievements: The growth path of Hong Kanten (Indonesian Physics Olympiad gold medalist) is introduced, which not only motivates students to strive for excellence but also showcases the integration of diverse cultures under a global perspective. Hong Kanten's success story demonstrates how to achieve success on the international stage emphasizes the importance of international cooperation in education and research. By introducing his academic journey and research findings, students can learn about the practical applications of scientific research and the value of cross- collaboration.

2. Hierarchical Inquiry Task Design

Unit Task Hierarchy in "Circuit Design":

→ Basic: Light up an LED using a fruit battery

 Intermediate: Design the circuit for the Yogyakarta palace night scene model

→ Advanced: Design a solar-powered warning buoy for a fishing village

3. Real Learninging the Community

Organizing a "Physical Solutions Market," where students provide solutions to community problems, such as:

Improving the intonation of traditional "Angung" (a bamboo musical instrument) using the principle of air pressure; by studying the relationship between air pressure and the frequency of sound, students can design a device that stabilizes precisely tunes the intonation of Angklung. This device may include a pressure regulator or sensor that can adjust the air pressure inside the bamboo tubes in real-time, thereby the pitch.

Designing an energy-efficient lighting system for "Warung" (street stalls); students can design an efficient and energy-saving lighting system using solar panels, lights, and a smart control system. This system can store solar energy during the day and automatically turn on the LED lights at night, equipped with a light sensor that automatically adjust the brightness according to ambient light to save energy as much as possible.

IV. Conclusion

Indigenous situational inquiry-based teaching effectively breaks the abstraction dilemma of physics teaching in Indonesia through tripartite paths of "phenomenon localization, equipment life, and project socialization." Specifically, "phenomenon localization" refers to combining physical phenomena with the actual scenes in Indonesia, enabling students to intuitively understand abstract concepts; "equipment life" is the use of common items in daily life as experimental equipment, which lowers the threshold learning and enhances the experiential practice; "project socialization" encourages students to participate in solving actual community and social issues, enhancing their sense of social responsibility and teamwork ability

Future explorations could further include:

1. Establishing an Indonesian indigenous physics teaching equipment database, collecting and organizing experimental equipment and resources suitable for local teaching needs, and convenient teaching tools for teachers.

2. Developing school-based curriculum integrating the traditional technology of the Sundanese and Javanese, organically combining traditional culture with modern education, and stimulating students' interest in learning and cultural pride.

3. Carrying out cross-cultural science projects with ASEAN countries (such as the Mekong water conservancy project exploration), promoting cultural exchanges and cooperation among regions, and broadening students' international horizons.

Educational enlightenment: Physics teaching should shift from " imparting" to "cultural empowerment," rooting science in students' ethnic identity and life experience. In this way, it can not only improve students' understanding and application ability physics but also cultivate their innovative thinking and problem-solving ability, thus better adapting to the development needs of future society.

References：

[1]Kemdikud RI. (2023). Kurikulum Merdeka: Capaian Pembelajaran Fisika SMP. Jakarta: Kementian Pendidikan.

[2]Susilo, A. (2024). Integrasi Mitigasi Gempa dalam Pembelaj IPA. Yogyakarta: UGM Press.

[3]Hartati, R. (2023). Pemanfaatan Bahan Lok untuk Eksperimen Fisika. Bandung: Penerbit Alfabeta.

[4]Media Kompas. (2024). "restasi Medali Emas Olimpiade Fisika Internasional". Kompas Edukasi, 15(2), 22-5.

[5]National Science Teachers Association (NSTA). (2023). Inquiry-Based Learning in Physical Science. Arlington: NSTA Press

[6]Surabaya Institute of Technology White Paper on STEM Education (2024)

[7]Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture "Cur Standard Adaptability Report" (2023)